Three reasons explain why Abel’s offering is accepted where Cain’s is not, alongside two specific ways Cain’s falls short. Abel’s faith in the unseen world, drawn from Hebrews 11:1, is functionally identical to New Testament faith itself.
Cain and Abel’s occupations, sufferings, and relationship are compared, finding in Abel a genuine faith in the unseen. Cain, by contrast, wants the world in front of him, not the unseen realities faith actually reaches for.
Cain and Abel are read through Genesis 3:15’s promise, Abel as seed of the woman and Cain as seed of the serpent. A warning follows against the idolatry of the family: the church, not the family, is the truly basic family unit, which is exactly why conflicts within families run so deep.